# Demodex studies **URL:** \ **Category:** Studies\ **Created:** [September 12, 2015, 6:33pm UTC](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/t/demodex-studies/37 "2015-09-12T18:33:48Z")\ **Posts on this page:** 13\ **Page:** 1
**Author:** ![Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/e8c25b/32.png) [@Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/u/Tso)\ **Post date:** [September 12, 2015, 6:33pm UTC](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/t/demodex-studies/37/1 "2015-09-12T18:33:48Z")
- Cheng AM, Sheha H, Tseng SC. _ **Recent advances on ocular Demodex infestation** _. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2015. [abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26058028) - Jalbert I, Rejab S. _ **Increased numbers of Demodex in contact lens wearers** _. Optom Vis Sci. 2015. [abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25882593), [abstract](http://www.researchgate.net/publication/275049733_Increased_Numbers_of_Demodex_in_Contact_Lens_Wearers), [abstract](https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/wolters-kluwer-health/increased-numbers-of-demodex-in-contact-lens-wearers-97p1j3xIxe) - Bhandari V, Reddy JK. Blepharitis: _ **always remember demodex** _. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2014. [full text](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4219223/) - Karaman Ü, Kolören Z, Enginyurt Ö, Özer A. _ **The epidemiology of demodex mites at the college students living in dormitories in the city of Ordu** _. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2014. [full text](http://www.turkiyeparazitolderg.org/eng/makale/846/55/Full-Text) - Mcmahon FW, Gallagher C, O’reilly N, Clynes M, O’sullivan F, Kavanagh K. _**Exposure of a corneal epithelial cell line (hTCEpi) to Demodex-associated Bacillus proteins results in an inflammatory response**_. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014. [full text](http://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2212624) - Randon M, Liang H, El hamdaoui M, et al. _ **In vivo confocal microscopy as a novel and reliable tool for the diagnosis of Demodex eyelid infestation** _. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015. [abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25253768) - Cribier B. _ **Physiopathology of rosacea** _. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2014. [abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25151931) - Cevik C, Kaya OA, Akbay E, et al. _ **Investigation of demodex species frequency in patients with a persistent itchy ear canal treated with a local steroid** _. J Laryngol Otol. 2014. [abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25033419) - Keskin kurt R, Aycan kaya O, Karateke A, et al. _ **Increased density of Demodex folliculorum mites in pregnancies with gestational diabetes** _. Med Princ Pract. 2014. [full text](http://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/363244) - Rusiecka-ziółkowska J, Nokiel M, Fleischer M. \*\*\*Demodex - an old pathogen or a new one?\*\*\*. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2014. [abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24913122), [full text](http://www.advances.am.wroc.pl/pdf/2014/23/2/295.pdf) - Murillo N, Aubert J, Raoult D. _ **Microbiota of Demodex mites from rosacea patients and controls** _. Microb Pathog. 2014. [abstract](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0882401014000473) - Cengiz ZT, Yılmaz H, Özkol HU, Ekici A, Ödemiş N. _ **The prevalence of Demodex sp. in patients admitted to the parasitology laboratory of the Dursun Odabaş Medical Center in Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van** _. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2014. [full text](http://www.turkiyeparazitolderg.org/eng/makale/806/52/Full-Text) - Wacker T, Lang GK. _ **Demodex folliculorum: diagnosis and therapy today** _. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2014. [abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24658861) - Chen W, Plewig G. _ **Human demodicosis: revisit and a proposed classification** _. Br J Dermatol. 2014. [full text](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjd.12850/pdf) - Tighe S, Gao YY, Tseng SC. _ **Terpinen-4-ol is the Most Active Ingredient of Tea Tree Oil to Kill Demodex Mites** _. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2013. [full text](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860352/) - Schaller M, Sander CA, Plewig G. _ **Demodex abscesses: clinical and therapeutic challenges** _. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003. [abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25917583), [full text](http://www.rosaceagroup.org/The_Rosacea_Forum/showthread.php?31439-Demodex-unresponsive-to-oral-ivermectin-and-topical-permethrin) ---
**Author:** ![Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/e8c25b/32.png) [@Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/u/Tso)\ **Post date:** [September 13, 2015, 11:36am UTC](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/t/demodex-studies/37/2 "2015-09-13T11:36:48Z")
[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22017468](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22017468) Full text: [http://medf.nsu.ru/files/Розацеа,иммунитет%20кожи%20и%20декодекс.pdf](http://medf.nsu.ru/files/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B0,%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%20%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81.pdf) ![](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/uploads/default/original/1X/972f1fd3e3c171191741a3898b43d2803c51f5a1.JPG) ![](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/uploads/default/original/1X/2d5253e8233c73e4f74a7fe6582722a3ddc2fcaa.JPG) ![](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/uploads/default/original/1X/3e51c93ea3c536796cc5648906838d53b01271ce.JPG) ---
**Author:** ![Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/e8c25b/32.png) [@Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/u/Tso)\ **Post date:** [September 13, 2015, 11:37am UTC](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/t/demodex-studies/37/3 "2015-09-13T11:37:52Z")
> > > Seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD) is a common inflammatory skin disease for which no single cause has been found, although many factors have been implicated. The mite Demodex folliculorum (DF) is most commonly seen in the pilosebaceous unit in humans. SD is located in areas that are rich in sebaceous glands, which are also preferred by DF.To compare the number of DF parasites in patients with clinical SD and in healthy controls, and to investigate any possible relationship between the number of DF mites and the presence of SD.The study comprised 38 patients with SD and 38 healthy controls. Standard random and lesion-specific sampling was performed in the group of patients with SD, whereas standard random sampling only was performed for controls.Demodex folliculorum sampling was positive in 19 patients (50%) and 5 controls (13.1%). Mean DF density was 8.16 +/- 10.1/cm(2) (range 0-40) and 1.03 +/- 2.17/cm(2) (1-7) in patient and control groups, respectively. The differences between groups for DF positivity and mean DF density were significant (P = 0.001 for each). DF was found in 13 lesional areas in the patient group, but in only 5 areas in the control group (P = 0.031).The number of DF mites was significantly higher in both lesional and nonlesional areas of patients with SD. This suggests that, when other aetiological causes are excluded, DF may have either direct or indirect role in the aetiology of SD. ---
**Author:** ![Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/e8c25b/32.png) [@Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/u/Tso)\ **Post date:** [September 13, 2015, 11:38am UTC](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/t/demodex-studies/37/4 "2015-09-13T11:38:06Z")
> **[Rare facial dermatological lesions associated with Demodex infection, besides...](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3348236/)** > [@](#): > > […]may cause blepharitis[…]more common in diabetics[…]also seen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients[…]highly effective treatment of Demodex blepharitis is ivermectin[…]acne rosacea as well as pityriasis rosea[…]primary irritation dermatitis[…]scalp folliculitis and seborrheic dermatitis […]present in rare cases as “pseudozoster”[…]rarely cause sebaceous adenomas[…]Physicians should be aware of these rare dermatological rashes and their close associations with Demodex infections. ---
**Author:** ![Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/e8c25b/32.png) [@Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/u/Tso)\ **Post date:** [September 13, 2015, 11:38am UTC](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/t/demodex-studies/37/5 "2015-09-13T11:38:17Z")
[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2152159/](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2152159/) [quote]The impetigo lesions were unusually circinate in character, so much so in fact as to simulate a tinea to a certain extent, though the fact that the edge showed an even formation of bulla rather than closely set miliary vesicles made me confident that it was not ringworm. I examined part of this blister, and was surprised to find that there were numerous examples of Demodex folliculorum adhering to the epidermis. […] Numerous comedones were then examined and smears from the unaffected skin as he was seborrhoeic, and no demodex was found in these specimens. […] A fourth case was seen soon after which did not show the circinate lesion quite so obviously, and again the demodex was found in the lesion but not elsewhere. In ordinary impetigo I have been unable to find the demodex. One of the cases was treated with mild sulphur ointment and was cured in a week. I have not found that sulphur is a good treatment for ordinary impetigo, though I am aware that Unna has claimed that it is. I therefore think that the demodex has an aetiological relationship with the lesion. It may be that it carries the streptococcus into the epidermis, or it may be the actual irritant. […] I have from time to time seen patients who have given a history of a scabby dermatitis of the face, " caught while treating a dog with the mange," but I have not seen the disease in its active state. One form of mange in dogs is accompanied and probably caused by a demodex as far as I know indistinguishable from the human Demodex folliculorum. […] The lesions already described as associated with the demodex, as far as I can ascertain, are: discoloration of the skin, especially. around the mouth, obstinate acne, rodent ulcer, and epithelioma. I have provisionally named this disease " demodex impetigo."[/quote] ---
**Author:** ![Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/e8c25b/32.png) [@Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/u/Tso)\ **Post date:** [September 13, 2015, 11:38am UTC](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/t/demodex-studies/37/6 "2015-09-13T11:38:31Z")
> **[Pathogenic role of Demodex mites in blepharitis - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20689407/)** > > Demodex blepharitis is a common but overlooked external eye disease. The pathogenesis of Demodex blepharitis in eliciting ocular surface inflammation has been further clarified. The modified eyelash sampling and counting method makes it easier and... ![](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/uploads/default/original/1X/df678f0ee41316811277c8b28586d024ac9896e4.jpg) ---
**Author:** ![Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/e8c25b/32.png) [@Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/u/Tso)\ **Post date:** [September 13, 2015, 11:38am UTC](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/t/demodex-studies/37/7 "2015-09-13T11:38:47Z")
> > > The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between ocular discomfort and ocular Demodex infestation, and therapeutic effects of tea tree oil (TTO) in Demodex blepharitis patients. Three hundred and thirty-five patients with ocular discomfort were evaluated for ocular Demodex infestation and subjective symptoms with ocular surface discomfort index (OSDI) score. Among them, Demodex-infested patients were randomized to receive either eyelid scrubbing with TTO (TTO group,106 patients) or without TTO (Control group, 54 patients) for 1 month. Demodex were found in 84% of patients with ocular discomfort. The number of Demodex was significantly correlated with age (P = 0.04) and OSDI score (P = 0.024). After eyelid scrub treatment, Demodex count was reduced from 4.0 ± 2.5 to 3.2 ± 2.3 in the TTO group (P = 0.004) and from 4.3 ± 2.7 to 4.2 ± 2.5 in the control group (P = 0.27). Also, OSDI score was reduced from 34.5 ± 10.7 to 24.1 ± 11.9 in the TTO group (P = 0.001) and from 35.3 ± 11.6 to 27.5 ± 12.8 in the control group (P = 0.04). In conclusion, Demodex number showed a significant positive correlation with age and subjective ocular discomfort. The tea tree oil eyelid scrub treatment is effective for eliminating ocular Demodex and improving subjective ocular symptoms. ---
**Author:** ![Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/e8c25b/32.png) [@Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/u/Tso)\ **Post date:** [September 13, 2015, 11:38am UTC](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/t/demodex-studies/37/8 "2015-09-13T11:38:57Z")
> > > Demodex has been considered to be related with multiple skin disorders, but controversy persists. In this case-control study, a survey was conducted with 860 dermatosis patients aged 12 to 84 years in Xi'an, China to identify the association between facial dermatosis and Demodex. Amongst the patients, 539 suffered from facial dermatosis and 321 suffered from non-facial dermatosis. Demodex mites were sampled and examined using the skin pressurization method. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to analyze the association between facial dermatosis and Demodex infestation, and to identify the risk factors of Demodex infestation. The results showed that total detection rate of Demodex was 43.0%. Patients aged above 30 years had higher odds of Demodex infestation than those under 30 years. Compared to patients with neutral skin, patients with mixed, oily, or dry skin were more likely to be infested with Demodex (odds ratios (ORs) were 2.5, 2.4, and 1.6, respectively). Moreover, Demodex infestation was found to be statistically associated with rosacea (OR=8.1), steroid-induced dermatitis (OR=2.7), seborrheic dermatitis (OR=2.2), and primary irritation dermatitis (OR=2.1). In particular, ORs calculated from the severe infestation (≥5 mites/cm(2)) rate were significantly higher than those of the total rate. Therefore, we concluded that Demodex is associated with rosacea, steroid-induced dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and primary irritation dermatitis. The rate of severe infestation is found to be more correlated with various dermatosis than the total infestation rate. The risk factors of Demodex infestation, age, and skin types were identified. Our study also suggested that good hygiene practice might reduce the chances of demodicosis and Demodex infestation. ---
**Author:** ![Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/e8c25b/32.png) [@Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/u/Tso)\ **Post date:** [September 13, 2015, 11:39am UTC](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/t/demodex-studies/37/9 "2015-09-13T11:39:08Z")
> **[Human Demodex Mite: The Versatile Mite of Dermatological Importance](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3884930/?report=classic)** > > Demodex mite is an obligate human ecto-parasite found in or near the pilo-sebaceous units. Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are two species typically found on humans. Demodex infestation usually remains asymptomatic and may have a pathogenic... Abstract: [quote]Demodex mite is an obligate human ecto-parasite found in or near the pilo-sebaceous units. Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are two species typically found on humans. Demodex infestation usually remains asymptomatic and may have a pathogenic role only when present in high densities and also because of immune imbalance. All cutaneous diseases caused by Demodex mites are clubbed under the term demodicosis or demodicidosis, which can be an etiological factor of or resemble a variety of dermatoses. Therefore, a high index of clinical suspicion about the etiological role of Demodex in various dermatoses can help in early diagnosis and appropriate, timely, and cost effective management. Keywords: Demodex, demodicosis, demodicidosis, ecto-parasite[/quote] Conclusion: > [@](#): > > Human demodicosis is caused by the clinical manifestation of otherwise asymptomatic infestation of humans by two species of Demodex mite, i.e., D. folliculorum and D. brevis. The etiological role of this versatile mite should be kept in mind as human demodicosis **can present as a variety of clinical manifestations mimicking many other dermatoses**. This can help in early diagnosis and proper treatment, thereby saving time and at the same time being cost effective. ![](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/uploads/default/original/1X/c754117e1292b0c44b4954ea484ca25e0ccb6847.jpg) ---
**Author:** ![Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/e8c25b/32.png) [@Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/u/Tso)\ **Post date:** [September 13, 2015, 3:20pm UTC](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/t/demodex-studies/37/10 "2015-09-13T15:20:01Z")
[http://tvst.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleID=2110345](http://tvst.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleID=2110345) Terpinen-4-ol is the Most Active Ingredient of Tea Tree Oil to Kill Demodex Mites Sean Tighe; Ying-Ying Gao; Scheffer C. G. Tseng Translational Vision Science & Technology November 2013, Vol.2, 2. doi:10.1167/tvst.2.7.2 [quote] Purpose: : To determine the active ingredient in tea tree oil (TTO) responsible for its reported killing effect on Demodex mites, the most common ectoparasite found in the human skin extending to the eye. Methods: : Using a reported in vitro killing assay to measure the survival time of adult Demodex folliculorum up to 150 minutes, we have screened serial concentrations of 13 of the 15 known ingredients of TTO (ISO4730:2004) that were soluble in mineral oil and examined their synergistic relationships in killing mites. The most potent ingredient was then tested for its efficacy in killing Demodex in vivo. Results: : All ingredients exhibited a dose-dependent killing effect. Besides Terpinen-4-ol, the order of relative potency did not correlate with the order of relative abundance in TTO for the remaining 12 ingredients. Terpinen-4-ol was the most potent ingredient followed by a-Terpineol, 1,8-Cineole and Sabinene. Terpinen-4-ol, the most abundant ingredient in TTO, was more potent than TTO at equivalent concentrations and its killing effect was even observable at a mere concentration of 1%. Terpinen-4-ol exhibited a significant synergistic effect with Terpinolene, but an antagonistic effect with a-Terpineol in killing mites (both P \< 0.05). In vivo, Terpinen-4-ol was shown to eradicate mites. Conclusions: : The above finding suggests that deployment of Terpinen-4-ol alone should enhance its potency in killing Demodex mites by reducing the adverse and antagonistic effects from other ingredients in TTO. Translational Relevance: : Terpinen-4-ol can be adopted in future formulations of acaricides to treat a number of ocular and cutaneous diseases caused by demodicosis.[/quote] ![](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/uploads/default/original/1X/1d7ab17d925d2fda79a2c82462d494d7ef90cf4c.JPG) ---
**Author:** ![Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/e8c25b/32.png) [@Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/u/Tso)\ **Post date:** [September 28, 2015, 1:03pm UTC](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/t/demodex-studies/37/11 "2015-09-28T13:03:24Z")
> **[Demodex abscesses: clinical and therapeutic challenges - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14576651/)** > > A 53-year-old man had a 6-week history of confluent erythematous papules, pustules, and abscesses of the face initially limited to the right nasolabial fold. Histologic investigation revealed a perifollicular infiltrate with lymphocytes, histiocytes,... Full text: [Demodex unresponsive to oral ivermectin and topical permethrin - The Rosacea Forum](http://www.rosaceagroup.org/The_Rosacea_Forum/showthread.php?31439-Demodex-unresponsive-to-oral-ivermectin-and-topical-permethrin) ![](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/uploads/default/original/1X/0bafeacb1f15bfbcc6562a3dae284be8fcfb9438.JPG) ![](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/uploads/default/original/1X/9e5b317d633deeec5f143bd86f174d3ffb332d31.JPG) ![](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/uploads/default/original/1X/162b3f846e8adcdf7dd250bed8b6e3f30c4c1606.JPG) ![](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/uploads/default/original/1X/f72309e9670362a2cc91b6ffc7513b5509f06ae4.JPG) ---
**Author:** ![Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/e8c25b/32.png) [@Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/u/Tso)\ **Post date:** [November 16, 2015, 10:47pm UTC](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/t/demodex-studies/37/12 "2015-11-16T22:47:23Z")
> **[Human demodicosis: revisit and a proposed classification - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24471456/)** > > Human Demodex mites (Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis) hold a high rank in the evolutionary and phylogenetic hierarchy of the skin microbiome, although in most people their presence is of no consequence. While human demodicosis is a skin... **Spinulate demodicosis.** : Primary human demodicosis depicting discrete, fine, whitish, partly yellowish, keratotic, spiky scaly changes involving sebaceous hair follicles in the background of faint erythema: ![](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/uploads/default/original/1X/f6d000952dfb8d5844c7dd7acb0c5fe4e58a5599.jpg) * * * **Papulopustular demodicosis.** (a) Primary human demodicosis characterized by a typical protracting course involving the forehead of a 46-year-old man with agminated follicle-bound lesions in an irregular shape. (b) Microscopic examination of skin scrapings revealed more than 5 mites per cm2: ![](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/uploads/default/original/1X/2fabfd2504e6c6ac701da92522a6b52028de9ba0.jpg) * * * **Papulopustular demodicosis.** Primary human demodicosis displaying disseminate involvement of the face of a 64-year-old woman with mild keratotic inflammatory papules of different sizes in an asymmetric distribution: ![](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/uploads/default/original/1X/b2477d1d4b248298988b6a7b89c0133b6de54675.jpg) * * * **Nodulocystic demodicosis.** Primary human demodicosis with intense inflammatory reaction including pus and suppurative succulent changes: ![](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/uploads/default/original/1X/f24b2f426baef0f89b2e492107db8d70513efcaf.jpg) * * * **Crusted demodicosis of the face.** Primary human demodicosis showing multiple partly confluent papulopustules with thick yellowish crusts: ![](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/uploads/default/original/1X/abbda187a3f5a7fcca14431b04528a9438c608e7.jpg) ---
**Author:** ![Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/t/e8c25b/32.png) [@Tso](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/u/Tso)\ **Post date:** [September 1, 2016, 2:07pm UTC](https://oozingyellowcrusts.com/t/demodex-studies/37/13 "2016-09-01T14:07:18Z")
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